The COSRX AHA/BHA Clarifying Treatment Toner is formulated with a combination of Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHAs) and Beta Hydroxy Acids (BHAs) to effectively exfoliate the skin and unclog pores. The active ingredients in this toner include glycolic acid (AHA) and betaine salicylate (BHA), which play pivotal roles in enhancing skin texture and promoting overall skin health. Glycolic acid, a type of AHA, penetrates the skin's surface to break down the bonds between dead skin cells, resulting in gentle exfoliation. This process helps to reveal smoother, brighter skin and promote cell turnover. Additionally, glycolic acid has been shown to stimulate collagen production, which can improve the skin's elasticity and firmness. Betaine salicylate, a derivative of salicylic acid and a BHA, penetrates deeper into the pores to dissolve excess oil and unclog pores. This helps to prevent acne breakouts and reduce inflammation, making it an effective ingredient for those with oily or acne-prone skin. Furthermore, betaine salicylate has anti-inflammatory properties, making it suitable for individuals with sensitive skin. The pH of the COSRX AHA/BHA Clarifying Treatment Toner is around 3.5-4.0, which is within the optimal range for AHAs and BHAs to be effective.